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International Network of Engineers and Scientists Against Proliferation |
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he International Network of Engineers and Scientists Against Proliferation (INESAP) is a non-profit, non-governmental network organisation with participants from all over the world. It is part of the worldwide activities of INES. The Interdisciplinary Research Group in Science, Technology and Security (IANUS) at Darmstadt University of Technology (Germany), as a member organisation of INES, manages most existing activities in INESAP. The international Coordinating Committee has 7 members in 4 continents. The main objective of INESAP are to promote nuclear disarmament, to tighten existing arms control and non-proliferation regimes, as well as to implement unconventional approaches to curbing the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction and to controlling the transfer of related technology.
INESAP projects and activities in 1998
Second Preparatory Committee Meeting for the Non Proliferation Treaty (NPT) Review Conference, Geneva, 28 April - 1 May 2000.
INESAP has substantially contributed to the organisation, the development of substantial discussions and the quality of the briefing program of the NGOs during these meetings. The main topics were the role of existing and new treaties in nuclear disarmament, the role of nuclear material control and disposition in disarmament as well as steps towards a NWFW and their verification. INESAP contributed to the NGO statements delivered to the delegates in the conference room, especially regarding weapon-usable materials.
Model Nuclear Weapon Convention
A main point of the work of INESAP within the Global Network Abolition 2000 continued to be the Model Nuclear Weapons Convention (mNWC). The drafting group for the mNWC was convened by the Lawyers Committee on Nuclear Policy (LCNP), and technical assistance was provided by INESAP, in particular on questions an critical issues with regard to the NWC. Technical aspects ofn NWC verification were examined in Briefing Paper No. 1.
Abolition 2000
INESAP supported the Abolition 2000 Global Network, in particular by convening the Working Group on the Nuclear Weapons Convention (Jürgen Scheffran) as well as the Working Group on nuclear-weapons-usable materials (Martin Kalinowski) and by sending representatives to the global strategy meetings.
Middle Power Initiative
INESAP is also involved in the Middle Powers Initiative (MPI), as a co-sponsor of the MPI and through the work of Professor Fernando de Souza Barros who represents INESAP on the International Steering Committee of the MPI. The MPI seeks to mobilise influential middle-power nations in a campaign to get the nuclear weapons states to commit themselves to nuclear disarmament.
Middle East
The Middle East was in the focus of INESAP activities in 1998. The newly founded Egypt Scientists Against Proliferation (ESAP) and the Coordinating Center for Arabic Peace Organizations started their regional activities, including networking among scientists and engineers in the Middle East and educating them and the public. It was agreed at the INESAP 1997 Conference in Shanghai to conduct a project that concentrates on security in the Middle East and prospects for a Weapons of Mass Destruction Free Zone in that region. The major cooperating partners are Ayman Khalil of CRACS (Center for Research on Arms Control and Security, Amman, Jordan), F.H. Hammad of ESAP and Reuven Pedatzur of the Galili Center for Strategic and National Security, Tel-Aviv, Israel. IANUS coordinated the preparation of a concept for coordinated research work on cooperative non- intrusive monitoring as well as policy development with regard to the goal of a Weapons of Mass Destruction Free Zone.
Verification of a nuclear weapons free world
In 1998, a study has been prepared with the title: "Beyond technical verification: Transparency, verification, and preventive control for the Nuclear Weapons Convention". The main purpose of this study is to increase awareness concerning the scientific-technological constraints and boundary conditions for a way leading to a nuclear-weapon-free world. It illuminates the verification needs and limits and the problems of enforcement. The integrated and comprehensive approach chosen for the Nuclear Weapons Convention is further developed. The basic new features are preventive measures that ensure physical control over weapons-usable materials by the international agency and reduced availability of these materials. Transparency and social verification will play an important additional role.
Cut-off
Breaking the deadlock regarding an agreement on a cut-off of weapons-usable materials. The cut-off project "Breaking the deadlock - How can negotiations get started on effective international control of nuclear-weapon-usable materials?" was prepared in co-operation with IANUS and UNIDIR. In order to enable close links for a science-policy interface in many countries, a core group of liaisons in a dozen of countries was formed and contributed to the drafting of the proposal. All applications for funding of this project were rejected so far, mainly because of the political impasse with regard to this topic. The activities of the core group of liaisons continue on a low level basis. The main question is, what the next steps in nuclear disarmament could be and how innovative ideas could possibly facilitate progress towards a cut-off agreement for fissile materials.
Further spread of nuclear weapon free zones
What regions are good candidates for the next nuclear weapon free zones? What can we learn from existing zones and how can they be improved? What role should verification and non-intrusive monitoring play? As part of this project, a strategy should be developed to create a political impetus from local nuclear free authorities through the state level and further to an alliance of nuclear weapons free countries. A conference and a book publication are planned. This project started in 1997. It is conducted in co-operation with Praful Bidwai and Achin Vanaik (India), the Dag Hammarskjoeld Foundation (Sweden), the Transnational Institute (Netherlands) and the Peace Depot (Japan).
Financial support in 1998 came from the Nuclear Age Peace Foundation, the Plougshares Fund, the Berghof Foundation, and public funds of the State of Hesse and Darmstadt University of Technology given to IANUS, where the office and staff of INESAP is located. The office of the International Network of Engineers and Scientists for Global Responsibility (INES) in Dortmund continues to support the work of INESAP, especially in respect to the Abolition 2000 Network. The amount of funding related to INESAP was around $ 60,000 in 1998, again a significant decrease in comparison to the preceding year. About half of this was made available through IANUS. This financial calamity led to the loss of the staff position of Martin Kalinowski. He continues his active role in the INESAP Coordinating Committee.
The INESAP Information Bulletin, edited by Jürgen Scheffran, remains the main medium of INESAP for international communication. Two issues were produced in 1998 (No. 15 in April, No. 16 in November). The special topical issues were "Security, sustainability and nuclear weapons", and "Testing Fever__Preparing for the future arms race on earth and in space". The Ploughshares Fund approved a grant for dissemination of the INESAP Information Bulletin and for translation of excerpts into Arabic.
A revised and extended fourth edition of the INESAP Technical Report No. 1 has been published in May 1998: Andre Gsponer, Jean-Pierre Hurni: "The Physical Principles of Thermonuclear Explosives, Inertial Confinement Fusion, and the Quest for Fourth Generation Nuclear Weapons", 191 pages, 24 figures, 439 references and 5 tables, ISBN: 3-933071-02-X. This technical report was translated into Russian by the Russian Foreign Ministry.
Prepared on the occasion of the second Preparatory Committee meeting for the NPT Review Conference in the year 2000 from April 27 to May 8, 1998 in Geneva. (Sponsored by Nuclear Age Peace Foundation)
No. 1/1998: Beyond technical verification: Transparency, verification, and preventive control for the Nuclear Weapons Convention (Martin B. Kalinowski, Wolfgang Liebert, Jürgen Scheffran). This paper was translated into French.
No. 2/1998: Multilateralising the nuclear disarmament process: Some next steps for the nuclear weapon states (Owen Greene)
No. 3/1998: Cut-off in the NPT review process. Does a cut-off agreement offer a leverage to overcome the current deadlock between complete nuclear disarmament and non-proliferation? (Martin B. Kalinowski)
No. 4/1998: A Faustian bargain: Why "Stockpile Stewardship" is incompatible with the process of nuclear disarmament (Andrew Lichterman, Jacqueline Cabasso)
No. 5/1998: Regional monitoring and verification system for a WMDFZ in the Middle East (F.H. Hammad)
No. 6/1998: New German research reactor using highly enriched uranium (HEU) raises concern (Wolfgang Liebert)
Further information can be obtained from the following address: INESAP (International Network of Engineers and Scientists Against Proliferation) Contact: M. Kalinowski, W. Liebert, J. Scheffran c/o IANUS, Darmstadt University of Technology, Hochschulstr. 10, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany; Phone: +49-6151-16-3016, -4368 fax +49-6151-166039; email: ianus@hrzpub.tu-darmstadt.de, Hompage: http://www.tu-darmstadt.de/ze/ianus/inesap.htm.
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Global Elimination of Nuclear WeaponsMartin B. Kalinowski (Ed.), Nomos Verlag, Baden-Baden, 1999 Ten years after the end of the Cold War, nuclear weapons are still existing at a high number and at a high alert level. Around 20,000 nuclear warheads are kept in the active arsenals and eight countries are known to have an indigenous nuclear capability. Not only millions of citizens but also high ranking military and governmental officials expressed their demand that the historic opportunity for the global elimination of nuclear weapons should be seized and the world be relieved from this weapon of mass destruction which has the potential of genocide and even extinction of mankind. On the contrary, among responsible governments, there is not even a consensus that nuclear weapons should be eliminated at some time in the near future. As a consequence, there remains a high demand for constructive thinking and argumentation to promote the case for global elimination of nuclear weapons. It is not only opinion that counts. Creative thinking and highly skilled expertise is required. This book strives to make a contribution to the ongoing debate. Its emphasis lies on unconventional disarmament proposals as well as on scientific analysis like verification technologies or treatment of nuclear weapons-usable materials. A speciality of this book is the interdisciplinary approach with an unusual high percentage of authors having a technical background as scientists and engineers. This book is structured in five parts. The first chapter combines a number of fundamental papers on the rationale for global elimination of nuclear weapons as well as on related verification issues. In this book, principal authors of the model Nuclear Weapons Convention (UN document number A/C.1.52/7) introduce its content, its verification provisions as well as the historic process which led to the drafting of the Model by an international group of disarmament experts and diplomats led by LCNP and INESAP. The second part of this book illuminates the possible next steps in nuclear disarmament. It introduces to new trends towards qualitative rather than the classical quantitative disarmament approach which reduces the number of deployed nuclear weapons. Special emphasis is put on how to draw further states into the nuclear disarmament process and on treating states with different nuclear capabilities on an equivalent way. As pointed out above, there are strong retarding forces that brought the process of nuclear disarmament to a stalemate. The third chapter of this book discusses some of the eminent tendencies against abolition of nuclear weapons. After the conclusion of negotiations towards a nuclear-test ban treaty in 1996, a ban on the production of nuclear-weapons materials, known as Cut-off or Fissile Material Treaty moved on top of the international agenda for nuclear non-proliferation and disarmament. The fourth part of this book is devoted to the attempt to cut off the production of nuclear weapons at its source. The last section concentrates on the Middle East and prospects for a Weapons of Mass Destruction Free Zone in that region. There will be no nuclear weapons free world without all regions being nuclear weapons free zones. The idea for this book goes back to the conference of the International Network of Engineers and Scientists Against Proliferation (INESAP) held from 8 to 10 September, 1997, at Fudan University, Shanghai. A selection of presentations was made for this book and it was enriched by a number of additional papers. Most authors updated their papers in 1999.
The authors of this book are: Wolfgang BENDER, Jacqueline CABASSO, Merav DATAN, Owen GREENE, Fawzy Hussein HAMMAD, Rebecca JOHNSON, Martin KALINOWSKI, David KRIEGER, George LEWIS, Wolfgang LIEBERT, Huaqiu LIU, Allison MACFARLANE, Suzanna VAN MOYLAND, Bahig NASSAR, Götz NEUNECK, Reuven PEDATZUR, Jürgen SCHEFFRAN, Dingli SHEN, Jonathan B. TUCKER, Liping XIA. |
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